The nobles of Europe a few centuries ago, who were all play and no work, found roulette to be their premier gambling game of first resort. In fact, it was usually their game of last resort as well since many a fortune, built on the back of serf labor and backbreaking taxes, went round and round and down and down until it vanished, poof, just like that! Those nobles have vanished as well.
The earliest form of roulette wagering saw Roman soldiers spinning their shields and betting on which area would point at this or that person, place or thing. Guess right, and you won something (perhaps the right to pillage the village down the road); guess wrong and you lost something (perhaps the right to pillage the village up the road). Over the generations, roulette evolved into the game we now see, with numbers, colors, and various propositions that one can wager on. And the pillaging stopped.
There are two versions of roulette, the American version and the European version. The American version, which has 36 numbers and a green 0 and 00, was actually invented in Europe but is rarely played there now. The European version with 36 numbers and a 0 was actually invented in America but is rarely played here now. The gods of chance are nothing if not ironic.
Of the two versions of the game, the European version is the better bet, as the house edge is a sturdy 2.7 percent. The American version has a higher house edge, a hefty 5.26 percent. That just means that for every $100 you bet on the European version, you will stand to lose $2.70 in the long run and for every $100 you bet on the American version you will stand to lose $5.26. The Europeans certainly got the better of that exchange. The house edge is derived from the fact that a winning wager, which bucks 37 to 1 odds on the American wheel and 36 to 1 odds on the European wheel, is not paid off at the correct amounts but at 35 to 1. So every time a player wins, he actually loses either 1 betting unit or 2 betting units, depending on which version of the game he is playing.
If all this sounds confusing, suffice it to say that roulette is a losing proposition no matter what side of which ocean you're on. Some casinos, not wanting to make peasants of their noble roulette players too quickly, will offer an option variously called "surrender," "en prison," or "give back" that will reduce the house edge in half. This option calls for the giving back of one-half of your "even-money" bet (i.e., red/black, odd/even, high/low) should the 0 or 00 show up in the American version; and keeping the bet "locked-up" for the next spin should the 0 appear on the European wheel. If it wins, you get the bet back, if it loses, you lose the bet.
Over the years many betting systems have been developed in an attempt to overcome the house edge at roulette. The most popular system is called the Martingale, generally used on the even-money bets, which calls for doubling your bet after each loss in the hopes that you won't go on a sustained losing streak of six to nine spins in a row. Most times, you won't. Some times, you will.
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